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Magnetic Field Equation:
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The magnetic field equation \( B = \mu_0 \times (H + M) \) relates the magnetic flux density (B) to the magnetic field strength (H) and magnetization (M) in a material, where μ₀ is the permeability of free space. This equation is fundamental in magnetostatics and is used to analyze magnetic fields in various materials.
The calculator uses the magnetic field equation:
Where:
Explanation: The equation shows how the total magnetic field in a material is the sum of the applied field (H) and the material's response (M), scaled by the fundamental constant μ₀.
Details: Accurate magnetic field calculations are crucial for designing electrical devices, studying geomagnetic phenomena, and analyzing material properties in physics and engineering applications.
Tips: Enter magnetic field strength (H) and magnetization (M) in A/m. The permeability of free space (μ₀) is pre-filled with its standard value (4π×10⁻⁷ H/m) but can be adjusted if needed.
Q1: What is the standard value of μ₀?
A: The permeability of free space is exactly 4π×10⁻⁷ H/m (approximately 1.2566370614×10⁻⁶ H/m).
Q2: How does this relate to NOAA data?
A: NOAA uses similar principles to calculate Earth's magnetic field components from observational data.
Q3: What are typical values for H and M?
A: For Earth's magnetic field, H is about 30-60 A/m. For materials, M can range from 0 to >10⁶ A/m in strong magnets.
Q4: What's the difference between B and H?
A: H is the applied magnetic field, while B is the total magnetic flux density including the material's response.
Q5: Can this be used for ferromagnetic materials?
A: Yes, but note that M is typically nonlinear in such materials and depends on H's history (hysteresis).