1. What is Conductivity to Resistivity Conversion?

The conversion between conductivity (σ) and resistivity (ρ) is a fundamental relationship in materials science and electrical engineering. Resistivity is the reciprocal of conductivity, representing a material's inherent resistance to electric current.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the simple formula:

Where:

• \( \sigma \) — Conductivity in Siemens per meter (S/m)
• \( \rho \) — Resistivity in ohm-meters (Ω·m)

Explanation: This inverse relationship means materials with high conductivity have low resistivity, and vice versa.

3. Importance of Resistivity Calculation

Details: Resistivity is crucial for selecting materials in electrical applications, designing circuits, and understanding material properties in semiconductors and conductors.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter conductivity value in S/m (must be greater than 0). The calculator will automatically compute the corresponding resistivity.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What are typical conductivity values for common materials?
A: Silver (~63 × 10⁶ S/m), Copper (~59 × 10⁶ S/m), Sea Water (~5 S/m), Deionized Water (~5.5 × 10⁻⁶ S/m).

Q2: How does temperature affect conductivity and resistivity?
A: For metals, conductivity decreases (resistivity increases) with temperature. For semiconductors, the opposite is true.

Q3: What's the difference between resistance and resistivity?
A: Resistivity is an intrinsic material property, while resistance depends on both resistivity and the object's dimensions.

Q4: When is this conversion most useful?
A: When working with material specifications that may provide either conductivity or resistivity values.

Q5: Are there any limitations to this simple formula?
A: This assumes isotropic materials at constant temperature. Anisotropic materials may require tensor calculations.