1. What is the W to kWh Conversion?

The W to kWh conversion calculates the energy output of solar panels by converting instantaneous power (watts) to energy over time (kilowatt-hours). This is essential for estimating solar system performance and energy production.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the solar energy conversion formula:

Where:

• \( W \) — Power in watts
• \( Hours \) — Time in hours
• \( Efficiency \) — System efficiency factor (0-1)
• 1000 — Conversion factor from watts to kilowatts

Explanation: The formula accounts for both the power rating of your solar panels and how long they operate at that power level, adjusted by the system's efficiency.

3. Importance of Solar Panel Efficiency

Details: Efficiency factors account for real-world losses including temperature effects, wiring losses, inverter efficiency, and panel degradation. Typical systems have 75-90% overall efficiency.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter panel wattage (sum of all panels if multiple), hours of operation (peak sun hours), and system efficiency (default is 0.85 for 85% efficiency). All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: How do I find my system's efficiency?
A: Check manufacturer specs or use 0.85 as a typical default. Actual efficiency depends on components and conditions.

Q2: What are peak sun hours?
A: Equivalent hours of full sunlight per day, typically 3-6 hours depending on location and season.

Q3: Should I use panel wattage or system wattage?
A: Use total system wattage (sum of all panels' rated power) for accurate calculations.

Q4: How does temperature affect output?
A: Higher temperatures reduce panel efficiency - this is accounted for in the efficiency factor.

Q5: Can I use this for battery sizing?
A: Yes, kWh results help estimate battery bank requirements for off-grid systems.