1. What is Power Factor Adjustment?

Power factor adjustment involves calculating the required capacitor bank size to improve the power factor of an electrical system. This helps reduce reactive power, improve energy efficiency, and avoid utility penalties.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the power factor adjustment formula:

Where:

• \( kW \) — Real power in kilowatts
• \( \theta_1 \) — Initial phase angle (degrees)
• \( \theta_2 \) — Desired phase angle (degrees)

Explanation: The formula calculates the reactive power (kVAR) needed from capacitors to achieve the desired power factor improvement.

3. Importance of Power Factor Correction

Details: Proper power factor correction reduces energy losses, improves voltage regulation, increases system capacity, and can lower electricity bills by avoiding power factor penalties.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter real power in kW, initial and desired phase angles in degrees. All values must be valid (kW > 0, angles between 0-90 degrees).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a good power factor?
A: Most utilities require power factor of 0.95 or higher. Ideal is 1.0 (perfectly efficient).

Q2: How do I get the phase angles?
A: Phase angles can be calculated from power factor: θ = arccos(PF). Many meters display PF directly.

Q3: Where should capacitors be installed?
A: Can be installed at individual motors (local) or at main distribution (central). Local correction is more effective.

Q4: Are there risks to over-correction?
A: Yes, leading power factor (over-correction) can cause voltage rise and equipment damage.

Q5: What about harmonic distortion?
A: In systems with harmonics, detuned capacitor banks with reactors may be needed to avoid resonance.